Phthalamide derivative, agricultural or horticultural insecticide, and method of use thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I): 
                         
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , X, Y, m, and n are as defined in the disclosure, which can be used as the active ingredient in an agricultural or horticultural insecticide that exhibits an excellent insecticidal effect even when used in a small active-ingredient amount.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present patent application has been filed under 35 U.S.C. 371 as a national stage application of PCT/JP03/05579, filed May 1, 2003, which was published in Japanese as International Patent Publication WO 03/093228 on Nov. 13, 2003, which is entitled to the right of priority of Japanese Patent Application 2002-130965, filed May 2, 2002.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to an agrohorticultural insecticide containing a phthalamide derivative as an active ingredient, and a method of use thereof.

2. Background Art

Phthalamide derivatives similar to the present invention are known to be useful as an agrohorticultural insecticide (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) Nos. 11-240857, 2001-131141, 2001-158764, 2001-240580, and 2001-335563). However, a phthalamide derivative having a particular substituent represented by the general formula (I) has not been disclosed or suggested.

In crop production such as agriculture and horticulture, there still exist large damages caused by insect pests or the like. Due to reasons such as appearance of insect pests resistant to existing insecticides, a novel agrohorticultural insecticide is desired to be developed. Moreover, as farmers are aged, various laborsaving application methods are desired, and an agrohorticultural insecticide having a feature suitable for such application methods is desired to be created.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present inventors strenuously studied in order to develop a novel agrohorticultural insecticide, and then have accomplished the present invention by finding that a phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) is a novel compound described in documents; shows an excellent insecticidal effect at a smaller dosage than those of compounds described in prior documents; and in particular, by soil treatment, shows an elevated absorption translocation action from roots and thereby has an excellent insecticidal effect.

That is, the present invention relates to a phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I):

wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or -A-(G)r in which A represents C₁₋₈ alkylene, C₃₋₆ alkenylene, or C₃₋₆ alkynylene; G's may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen; halogen; cyano; nitro; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxyphosphoryl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxythiophosphoryl; diphenylphosphino; diphenylphosphono; same or different C₁₋₆ dialkylsulfonium; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; -Z-R⁴ in which Z represents —O—; —N(R⁵)— (R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; phenylcarbonyl; substituted phenylcarbonyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl); R⁴ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl; formyl; C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; mono C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl; mono C₁₋₆ alkylaminothiocarbonyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylaminothiocarbonyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxyphosphoryl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxythiophosphoryl; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; or substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or —W—R⁶ in which W represents —S—, —SO—, —SO²—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, or —C(═NOR⁷)— (R⁷ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; or substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl); R⁶ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkylthio; halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio; amino; mono C₁₋₆ alkylamino; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylamino; C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkylamino; C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkylamino; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenylamino; substituted phenylamino having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkylamino; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkylamino having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclic amino; or substituted heterocyclic amino having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; r represents an integer of 1 to 3; and R⁴ or R⁶ together with A may form a 4- to 8-membered ring that may be interrupted with 1 or 2 oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, which may be the same or different;

R² and R³ may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyl, halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, halo C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl, formyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, mono C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, or same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl; and R² together with A, R¹, G, R⁴, or R⁶ may form a 4- to 8-membered ring that may be interrupted with 1 or 2 oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, which may be the same or different;

X's may be the same or different and each represents halogen, nitro, amino, mono C₁₋₆ alkylamino, same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, halo C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, halo C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; and two X's adjacent to each other on an aromatic ring may together form a fused ring, and the fused ring may have one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl;

m represents an integer of 0 to 2;

Y's may be the same or different and each represents halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; cyclo C₃₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy; mono C₁₋₆ alkylamino; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylamino; C₁₋₆ alkylthio; halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenoxy; substituted phenoxy having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenylthio; substituted phenylthio having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; or substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; and two Y's adjacent to each other on an aromatic ring may together form a fused ring, and the fused ring may have one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; and Y together with R³ may form a 5- to 7-membered ring that may be interrupted with 1 or 2 oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, which may be the same or different;

n represents an integer of 0 to 3,

and an agrohorticultural insecticide containing the compound as an active ingredient, as well as a method of use thereof.

The compound of the present invention shows an excellent insecticidal effect at a small dosage, and in particular, by soil treatment, shows an elevated absorption translocation action from roots.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the definition of the general formula (I) of a phthalamide derivative of the present invention, “halogen” refers to chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine; “C₁₋₆ alkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, normal propyl, isopropyl, normal butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, normal pentyl, neopentyl, and normal hexyl; “halo C₁₋₆ alkyl” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted by same or different, one or more halogens, for example, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoroisopropyl, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, 1-bromoethyl, and 2,3-dibromopropyl can be mentioned; “C₁₋₈ alkylene” refers to a straight-chained or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, dimethylmethylene, tetramethylene, isobutylene, dimethylethylene, and octamethylene; “C₃₋₆ alkenylene” or “C₃₋₆ alkynylene” also refers to a straight-chained or branched alkenylene group or alkynylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; “C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl” refers to an alicyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

“Heterocyclyl” refers to a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group having one or more hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, and the examples include pyridyl, pyridine N-oxide, pyrimidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, and pyrazolyl; examples of “fused ring” may include naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, indene, indane, quinoline, quinazoline, indole, indoline, chromane, isochromane, benzodioxane, benzodioxole, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, benzothiophene, dihydrobenzothiophene, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and indazole.

The phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention sometimes contains one or more asymmetric carbon atoms or asymmetric centers in the structure, and also sometimes has two or more optical isomers and diastereomers. The present invention intends to include all of each isomer and mixtures in which such isomers are contained in any ratio. Also, the phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention sometimes contains two geometric isomers derived from a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-nitrogen double bond. The present invention also intends to include all of each geometric isomer and mixtures in which such isomers are contained in any ratio.

Among the phthalamide derivatives represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention, examples of preferable compounds may include a phthalamide derivative in which R¹ represents C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ alkylsulfony C₁₋₆ alkyl; R² and R³ represent hydrogen; X represents halogen; m represents 1; Y represents halogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl; n represents an integer of 0 to 2.

The phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention can be produced by, for example, the scheme shown below from an aniline derivative represented by the general formula (II) that can be produced by the schemes disclosed in UK Patent No. 2276379, WO94/21606, or the like, but also can be produced by the schemes disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-240857 and 2001-131141.

wherein each of R¹, R², R³, X, Y, m, and n has the same meaning as described above; and “halo” represents halogen.

The phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I-1) can be produced by reacting the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (II) with the phthalisoimide derivative represented by the general formula (III-1) that can be produced by the scheme disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-240857 and 2001-131141 or the like in the presence or absence of an acid or base in an inert solvent.

The phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I-2) can be produced by producing the phthalisoimide derivative represented by the general formula (III-2) from the aniline derivative represented by the general formula (II) by the scheme disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-240857 and 2001-131141 or the like, and then reacting the phthalisoimide derivative with the amines represented by the general formula (IV) in the presence or absence of an acid or base in an inert solvent.

The phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) can be produced by reacting the phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I-1) or (I-2) with the halides represented by the general formula (V-1) or (V-2) in the presence of a non-hydrogen halide agent and an inert solvent.

In the definition of R¹ of the general formula (I), when R¹ represents -A-(G)r, and G represents —W—R⁶, the compound in which W represents —SO— or —SO₂— can be produced by subjecting the compound in which W represents —S— to an oxidative reaction, for example, using an oxidizing agent such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide in an ordinary manner.

1-1. General Formula (II)→General Formula (I-1) or General Formula (III-2)→General Formula (I-2)

This reaction can produce the intended product in accordance with the method described in J. Med. Chem., 10, 982 (1967). This reaction can be carried out, if required, in the presence of a catalytic amount to an excess amount of an acid or base.

Examples of acids that can be used in this reaction include organic acids such as acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The use amount may be properly selected in the range of from a catalytic amount to an excess mole with respect to the phthalisoimide derivative represented by the general formula (III-1) or (III-2). Examples of bases include organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine; and inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide. The use amount may be properly selected in the range of from a catalytic amount to an excess mole with respect to the phthalisoimide derivative represented by the general formula (III-1) or (III-2).

The reaction temperature can be from 0° C. to the boiling point of the inert solvent to be used. The reaction time is not constant depending on the reaction scale, the reaction temperature, or the like, but within the range of several minutes to 48 hours. After completing the reaction, the intended product may be isolated from a reaction system containing the intended product in an ordinary manner, and if required, purification by recrystallization, column chromatography, or the like can be performed to produce the intended product.

1-2. General Formula (I-1)→General Formula (I) or (I-2)→General Formula (I)

Any inert solvent can be used in this reaction, as long as it does not markedly inhibit the progress of this reaction. The examples include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride; chained or cyclic ethers such as diethylether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; esters such as ethyl acetate; amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; acids such as acetic acid; and inert solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone. These inert solvents may be used alone or as a mixture thereof.

Examples of non-hydrogen halide agents include organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine; and inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide. This reaction is an equimolar reaction, and therefore an equimolar amount of each reaction agent may be used, but any of reaction agents can be used in excess.

The reaction temperature can be from room temperature to the reflux temperature of the inert solvent to be used. The reaction time is not constant depending on the reaction scale, the reaction temperature, or the like, but may be properly selected in the range of several minutes to 48 hours.

After completing the reaction, the intended product may be isolated from a reaction system containing the intended product in an ordinary manner, and if required, purification by recrystallization, column chromatography, or the like can be performed to produce the intended product.

Typical compounds of phthalamides represented by the general formula (I) are shown in Tables 1 to 3 below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the tables, “n-” refers to normal, “s-” refers to secondary, “t-” refers to tertiary, “c-” refers to cyclo, “Ph” refers to phenyl, “Pyr” refers to pyridyl, and “C(*)” refers to asymmetric carbon.

TABLE 1 General formula (I-3) (I-3)

(R² = R³ = H) No. R1 Xm Yn Melting point (° C.) 1-1  CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-2  C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-3  n-C₃H₇ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-4  i-C₃H₇ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-5  c-C₃H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-6  n-C₄H₉ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-7  s-C₄H₉ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-8  t-C₄H₉ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-9  i-C₄H₉ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-10  n-C₅H₁₁ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-11  s-C₅H₁₁ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-12  t-C₅H₁₁ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-13  c-C₅H₉ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-14  CH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-15  CH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-16  CH(CH₃)CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-17  C(CH₃)₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-18  CH(CH₃)CH═CH-Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-19  C(CH₃)₂CH═CH-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-20  CH(CH₃)C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-21  C(CH₃)₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-22  C(CH₃)₂C≡C—Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-23  C(CH₃)₂C≡C-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-24  C(CH₃)₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-25  CH(CH₃)CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-26  CH(CH₃)CH₂CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-27  CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-28  CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂Cl 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-29  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂F 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-30  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂Cl 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-31  CH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-32  CH(CH₃)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-33  C(CH₃)₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-34  CH(CH₃)CH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-35  C(CH₃)₂CH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-36  CH(CH₃)-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-37  CH(CH₃)-3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-38  C(CH₃)₂-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-39  C(CH₃)₂-3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-40  Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-41  (3-SCH₃)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-42  (4-SCH₃)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-43  (3-CH₂SCH₃)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-44  (4-CH₂SCH₃)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-45  (3-SO₂NH₂)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-46  (4-SO₂NH₂)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-47  (3-CONH₂)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-48  (4-CONH₂)Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-49  3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-50  3-(4-SCH₃)Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-51  3-(2-CH₃-4-SCH₃)Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-52  i-C₃H₇ 3-I 2-Cl 1-53  s-C₄H₉ 3-I 2-Cl 1-54  t-C₄H₉ 3-I 2-Cl 1-55  s-C₅H₁₁ 3-I 2-Cl 1-56  t-C₅H₁₁ 3-I 2-Cl 1-57  CH₂CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-58  CH(CH₃)CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-59  CH(CH₃)CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-60  C(CH₃)₂CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-61  C(CH₃)₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-62  CH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-63  CH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-64  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-65  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-66  CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-67  CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-68  C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-69  C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-70  CH(CH₃)CH═CHCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-71  CH(CH₃)CH═CHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-72  C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-73  C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-74  CH(CH₃)C≡CCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-75  CH(CH₃)C≡CCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-76  C(CH₃)₂C≡CCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-77  C(CH₃)₂C≡CCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-78  CH₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-79  CH(CH₃)CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-80  C(CH₃)₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-81  CH(CH₃)CH₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-82  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-83  CH(CH₃)CONH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-84  C(CH₃)₂CONH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-85  CH(CH₃)CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-86  C(CH₃)₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-87  CH(CH₃)CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-88  C(CH₃)₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-89  CH(CH₃)CH₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-90  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-91  CH(CH₃)CH₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-92  C(CH₃)₂CH₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-93  C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-94  C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-95  CH(CH₃)CH═CHCONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-96  CH(CH₃)CH═CHCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-97  C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-98  C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-99  CH(CH₃)C≡CCONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-100 CH(CH₃)C≡CCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-101 C(CH₃)₂C≡CCONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-102 C(CH₃)₂C≡CCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-103 CH(CH₃)CH═O 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-104 C(CH₃)₂CH═O 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-105 CH(CH₃)C(═O)CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-106 C(CH₃)₂C(═O)CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-107 CH(CH₃)CH═NOH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-108 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-109 CH(CH₃)C(═O)CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-110 C(CH₃)₂C(═O)CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-111 CH(CH₃)CH═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-112 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-113 CH(CH₃)CH═NOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-114 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-115 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-116 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-117 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH═NOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-118 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH═NOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-119 CH(CH₃)CH₂CH═NOCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-120 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH═NOCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-121 CH(CH₃)CH═NOCH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-122 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-123 CH(CH₃)CH═NOCH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-124 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-125 CH(CH₃)CH═NO(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-126 C(CH₃)₂CH═NO(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-127 CH(CH₃)₂CH═NO(CH₂)₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-128 C(CH₃)₂CH═NO(CH₂)₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-129 CH(CH₃)CH═NO(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-130 C(CH₃)₂CH═NO(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-131 CH(CH₃)CH═NOCH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-132 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-133 CH(CH₃)C(CH₃)═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-134 C(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-135 CH(CH₃)C(CH₃)═NOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-136 C(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)═NOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-137 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-138 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-139 CH(CH₃)CH═CHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-140 C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-141 C(CH₃)₂C≡CCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-142 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN 3-I 2-Cl 1-143 C(CH₃)₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-144 C(CH₃)₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-145 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-146 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-147 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-148 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂CON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-149 C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCONHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-150 C(CH₃)₂CH═CHCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-151 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOH 3-I 2-Cl 1-152 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-153 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-154 C(CH₃)₂CH═NOCH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-Cl 1-155 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH═NOH 3-I 2-Cl 1-156 C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH═NOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-157 (CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-158 (CH₂)₃OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-159 (CH₂)₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-160 CH(CH₃)CH₂OH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-161 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-162 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-163 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-164 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-165 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-166 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-167 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-168 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-169 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-170 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-171 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-172 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₃OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-173 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-174 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₄OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-175 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₄OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-176 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₂CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-177 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₂CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-178 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-179 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-180 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₂CO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-181 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₂CO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-182 CH(CH₃)CH₂O(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-183 C(CH₃)₂CH₂O(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-184 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-185 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-186 CH(CH₃)CH₂O-Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-187 C(CH₃)₂CH₂O-Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-188 CH(CH₃)CH₂O-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-189 C(CH₃)₂CH₂O-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-190 CH(CH₃)CH₂O-3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-191 C(CH₃)₂CH₂O-3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-192 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-193 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-194 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-195 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-196 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-197 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-198 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-199 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-200 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)NH(C₂H₅) 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-201 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)NH(C₂H₅) 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-202 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-203 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-204 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-205 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-206 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═O)NHCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-207 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC(═O)NHCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-208 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCONH(CH₂)₃SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-209 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCONH(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-210 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═S)NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-211 C(CH₃)CH₂OC(═S)NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-212 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC(═S)N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-213 C(CH₃)CH₂OC(═S)N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-214 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCONH(C₂H₅) 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-215 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCON(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-216 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-217 CH(CH₃)CH₂OP(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-218 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OP(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-219 CH(CH₃)CH₂OP(═O)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-220 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OP(═O)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-221 CH(CH₃)CH₂OP(═S)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-222 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OP(═S)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-223 CH(CH₃)CH₂OP(═S)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-224 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OP(═S)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-225 CH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-226 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-227 CH(CH₃)CH₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-228 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-229 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-230 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-231 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃OCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-232 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₄OCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-233 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OP(═S)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-234 CH(CH₃)CH₂OP(═S)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-235 C(CH₃)₂CH₂OP(═S)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-236 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHOOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-237 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-238 CH(CH₃)CH₂N(CH₃)COCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-239 C(CH₃)₂CH₂N(CH₃)COCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-240 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-241 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-242 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-243 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-244 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-245 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-246 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-247 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-248 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-249 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-250 CH(CH₃)CH₂N(CH₃)SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-251 C(CH₃)₂CH₂N(CH₃)SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-252 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCONHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-253 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCONHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-254 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCON(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-255 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCON(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-256 CH(CH₃)CH₂N(CH₃)CON(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-257 C(CH₃)₂CH₂N(CH₃)CON(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-258 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-259 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-260 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-261 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-262 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-263 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-264 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-265 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-266 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHP(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-267 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHP(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-268 CH(CH₃)CH₂N(CH₃)P(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-269 C(CH₃)₂CH₂N(CH₃)P(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-270 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHP(═S)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-271 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHP(═S)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-272 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHP(═S)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-273 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHP(═S)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-274 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-275 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-276 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-277 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHCO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-278 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-279 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-280 CH(CH₃)CH₂NHSO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-281 C(CH₃)₂CH₂NHSO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-282 (CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-283 (CH₂)₃SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-284 (CH₂)₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-285 (CH₂)₂SC₃H₇-i 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-286 CH(CH₃)CH₂SH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-287 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-288 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-289 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-290 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 180–183 (S)-enantiomer 1-291 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ (S)-enantiomer 1-292 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 87–90 (S)-enantiomer 1-293 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ (R)-enantiomer 1-294 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ (R)-enantiomer 1-295 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ (R)-enantiomer 1-296 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 216–217 1-297 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 85–89 1-298 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 115–118 1-299 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-300 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-301 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-302 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ (S)-enantiomer 1-303 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ (S)-enantiomer 1-304 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ (S)-enantiomer 1-305 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ (R)-enantiomer 1-306 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ (R)-enantiomer 1-307 C(*)H(CH₃)CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ (R)-enantiomer 1-308 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-309 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-310 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-311 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC₃H₇-n 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-312 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC₃H₇-i 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-313 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂CH═CH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-314 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂C≡CH 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-315 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-316 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-317 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₃SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-318 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-319 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₄SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-320 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₄SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-321 CH(C₂H₅)(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-322 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂CF₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-323 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂CN 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-324 CH(CH₃)CH₂S(CH₂)₂OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-325 CH(CH₃)CH₂S(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-326 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂CO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-327 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂CO₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-328 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-329 CH(CH₃)CH₂S-Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-330 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S-Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-331 CH(CH₃)CH₂S-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-332 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S-2-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-333 CH(CH₃)CH₂S-3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-334 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S-3-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-335 CH(CH₃)CH₂S-4-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-336 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S-4-Pyr 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-337 CH(Ph)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-338 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCOCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-339 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCONHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-340 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCONHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-341 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-342 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCON(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-343 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC(═S)NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-344 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SC(═S)NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-345 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC(═S)N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-346 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SC(═S)N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-347 CH(CH₃)CH₂S—SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-348 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S—SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-349 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂NH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-350 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂NH₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-351 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-352 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂NHCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-353 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂NHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-354 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂NHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-355 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-356 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-357 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-358 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-359 CH(CH₃)CH₂S(═O)OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-360 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S(═O)OCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-361 CH(CH₃)CH₂S(═O)OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-362 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S(═O)OC₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-363 CH(CH₃)CH₂S(CH₃)═N—SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-364 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S(CH₃)═N—SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-365 CH(CH₃)CH₂S(CH₃)═N—SO₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-366 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S(CH₃)═N—SO₂Ph 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-367 CH(CH₃)CH₂S⁺(CH₃)₂I⁻ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-368 C(CH₃)₂CH₂S⁺(CH₃)₂I⁻ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-369 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-370 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-371 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-372 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 170–173 1-373 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 83–87 1-374 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 196–198 1-375 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-376 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-377 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-378 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-379 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-380 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-381 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-382 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-383 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₃SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-384 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-385 CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₄SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-386 C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₄SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-387 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂NH₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-388 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂NHCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 1-389 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂NHC₂H₅ 3-I 2-Cl 1-390 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂N(CH₃)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-391 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-Cl 1-392 CH(CH₃)CH₂P(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-393 C(CH₃)₂CH₂P(═O)(OCH₃)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-394 CH(CH₃)CH₂P(═O)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-395 C(CH₃)₂CH₂P(═O)(OC₂H₅)₂ 3-I 2-CH₃ 1-396 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H 2-CH₃ 1-397 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-F 2-CH₃ 1-398 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-Cl 2-CH₃ 1-399 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-Cl 2-CH₃ 1-400 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-Cl 2-CH₃ 1-401 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-Br 2-CH₃ 1-402 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-Br 2-CH₃ 1-403 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-Br 2-CH₃ 1-404 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3,4-Cl₂ 2-CH₃ 1-405 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 4-Cl 2-CH₃ 1-406 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 4-Br 2-CH₃ 1-407 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 4-I 2-CH₃ 1-408 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 4-Cl 2-CH₃ 1-409 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-CH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-410 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-C₂H₅ 2-CH₃ 1-411 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-i-C₃H₇ 2-CH₃ 1-412 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-CF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-413 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-CH═CH₂ 2-CH₃ 1-414 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-C≡CH 2-CH₃ 1-415 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-C≡CC(CH₃)₃ 2-CH₃ 1-416 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-C≡CCF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-417 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NO₂ 2-CH₃ 1-418 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NH₂ 2-CH₃ 1-419 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-N(CH₃)₂ 2-CH₃ 1-420 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NHCOCH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-421 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NHCOCF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-422 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NHCO₂CH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-423 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NHSO₂CH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-424 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NHSO₂CF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-425 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-426 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-427 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCOCH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-428 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCOCF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-429 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCONHCH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-430 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCON(CH₃)₂ 2-CH₃ 1-431 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SCH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-432 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SOCH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-433 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SO₂CH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-434 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SCF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-435 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SOCF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-436 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SO₂CF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-437 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OSO₂CH₃ 2-CH₃ 1-438 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OSO₂CF₃ 2-CH₃ 1-439 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-CH═CHCH═CH-4 2-CH₃ 1-440 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCH₂O-4 2-CH₃ 1-441 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCF₂O-4 2-CH₃ 1-442 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCF₂CF₂O-4 2-CH₃ 1-443 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H 2-Cl 1-444 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-F 2-Cl 1-445 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-Cl 2-Cl 1-446 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-Cl 2-Cl 1-447 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-Cl 2-Cl 1-448 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-Br 2-Cl 1-449 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-Br 2-Cl 1-450 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-Br 2-Cl 1-451 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3,4-Cl₂ 2-Cl 1-452 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-CF₃ 2-Cl 1-453 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-NO₂ 2-Cl 1-454 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OCF₃ 2-Cl 1-455 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-SCF₃ 2-Cl 1-456 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OSO₂CH₃ 2-Cl 1-457 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-OSO₂CF₃ 2-Cl 1-458 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I H 231–232 1-459 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I H 119–122 1-460 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I H 118–121 1-461 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 3-CH₃ 1-462 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,3-(CH₃)₂ 1-463 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,5-(CH₃)₂ 1-464 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,6-(CH₃)₂ 1-465 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-(CH₂)₃-3 1-466 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-(CH₂)₄-3 1-467 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-C₂H₅ 1-468 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-n-C₃H₇ 1-469 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-i-C₃H₇ 1-470 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-t-C₄H₉ 1-471 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂OH 1-472 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂OCH₃ 1-473 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂SCH₃ 1-474 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂SOCH₃ 1-475 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂SO₂CH₃ 1-476 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Ph 1-477 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-F 1-478 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl-3-F 1-479 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,3-Cl₂ 1-480 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,5-Cl₂ 1-481 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Br 1-482 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-I 1-483 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CF₃ 1-484 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CHO 1-485 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-COCH₃ 1-486 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CN 1-487 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CF₃ 1-488 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-OCH₃ 1-489 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-OCF₃ 1-490 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-OCH₂O-3 1-491 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-OCF₂O-3 1-492 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-SCH₃ 1-493 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-NO₂ 1-494 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-N(CH₃)₂ 1-495 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-3-F 1-496 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-5-F 1-497 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-3-Cl 1-498 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-5-Cl 1-499 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-3-OH 1-500 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-3-OCH₃

TABLE 2 General formula (I-3) (I-3)

No. R¹ R² R³ Xm Yn Melting point (° C.) 2-1  CH₃ CH₃ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-2  C₂H₅ CH₃ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-3  C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-4  C₂H₅ C₂H₅ H 3-I 2-Cl 2-5  n-C₃H₇ CH₃ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-6  n-C₃H₇ C₂H₅ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-7  n-C₃H₇ n-C₃H₇ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-8  i-C₃H₇ CH₃ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-9  i-C₃H₇ C₂H₅ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-10 i-C₃H₇ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-11 i-C₃H₇ COCH₃ CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-12 i-C₃H₇ H C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-13 i-C₃H₇ CH₃ CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-14 i-C₃H₇ CH₃ COCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-15 i-C₃H₇ CH₃ H 3-I 2-Cl 2-16 i-C₃H₇ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-17 CH₂CH₂SCH₃ CH₃ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-18 CH₂CH₂SCH₃ C₂H₅ H 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-19 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-20 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-21 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-22 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I H 2-23 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I H 2-24 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ H CH₃ 3-I H 2-22 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H C₂H₅ 3-I H 54–56 2-23 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ H C₂H₅ 3-I H 86–88 2-24 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ H C₂H₅ 3-I H 81–83 2-25 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-26 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-27 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-28 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-29 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ H C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-30 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ H C₂H₅ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-31 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC₂H₅ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-32 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOC₂H₅ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-33 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ H CH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 2-34 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-35 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-36 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-37 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-38 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-39 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-40 CH(CH₃)CH₂SC₂H₅ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-41 CH(CH₃)CH₂SOC₂H₅ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 2-42 CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂C₂H₅ H CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl

TABLE 3 General formula (I-4) (I-4)

(R² = R³ = H) Melting No. R¹ Xm Yn point (° C.) 3-1  i-C₃H₇ 3-I H 3-2  CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I H 3-3  CH(CH₃)CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I H 3-4  CH(CH₃)CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I H 3-5  C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I H 170–171 3-6  C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I H 115–118 3-7  C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I H 120–123 3-8  CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 3-9  C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃ 3-10 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-CH₃ 3-11 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-CH₃ 3-12 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-C₂H₅ 3-13 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-C₂H₅ 3-14 CH(CH₃)CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-C₂H₅ 3-15 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-C₂H₅ 3-16 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂SCH₃ 3-17 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂SOCH₃ 3-18 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-19 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-CH₂SCH₃ 3-20 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-CH₂SOCH₃ 3-21 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-22 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-F 3-23 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-F 3-24 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 205 3-25 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SOCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 3-26 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SO₂CH₃ 3-I 2-Cl 204 3-27 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 4-Cl 3-28 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-Cl 221 3-29 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Br 3-30 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 4-Br 3-31 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-Br 3-32 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-I 3-33 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 4-I 3-34 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-I 3-35 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CN 3-36 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 6-CN 3-37 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,4-Cl₂ 3-38 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 4,6-Cl₂ 3-39 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2,4-Br₂ 3-40 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl-4-Br 3-41 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-Cl-4-I 3-42 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-4-Cl 3-43 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-4-Br 3-44 C(CH₃)₂CH₂SCH₃ 3-I 2-CH₃-4-I

Followings are typical examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

EXAMPLE 1 Production of N¹-(2-chloro-4-pentafluorosulfanylphenyl)-N²-(1,1-dimethyl-2-methylthioethyl)-3-iodophthalamide (Compound No. 1-372)

750 mg (2.0 mmol) of N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-methylthioethyl)-6-iodophthalic acid isoimide was dissolved in 10 ml of acetonitrile, 510 mg (2.0 mmol) of 2-chloro-4-pentafluorosulfanylaniline and 10 mg of trifluoroacetic acid were added, and the mixture was stirred under room temperature for 2 hours. Precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and washed with a small amount of ether to obtain 1.0 g of the intended product.

Yield: 79%

Physical property: melting point 170 to 173° C.

EXAMPLE 2 Production of N¹-(2-chloro-4-pentafluorosulfanylphenyl)-N²-(1,1-dimethyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)-3-iodophthalamide (Compound No. 1-374)

0.63 g (1.0 mmol) of N¹-(2-chloro-4-pentafluorosulfanylphenyl)-N²-(1,1-dimethyl-2-methylthioethyl)-3-iodophthalamide was dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform, and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. To the solution, 0.38 g (2.2 mmol) of metachloroperbenzoic acid was added. After stirring for 1 hour, the reaction mixture solution was washed with an aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and a 10% aqueous potassium carbonate solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under a reduced pressure to obtain 0.55 g of the intended product.

Yield: 84%

Physical property: melting point 196 to 198° C.

The agrohorticultural insecticides containing a phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention as an active ingredient, are suitable for controlling various insect pests such as agrohorticultural insect pests, stored grain insect pests, sanitary insect pests, nematodes, etc., which are injurious to paddy rice, fruit trees, vegetables, other crops, flowers, ornamental plants, etc. They have a marked insecticidal effect, for example, on LEPIDOPTERA including summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana fasciata), smaller tea tortrix (Adoxophyes sp.), Manchurian fruit moth (Grapholita inopinata), oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), soybean pod border (Leguminivora glycinivorella), mulberry leafroller (Olethreutes mori), tea leafroller (Caloptilia thevivora), Caloptilia sp. (Caloptilia zachrysa), apple leafminer (Phyllonorycter ringoniella), pear barkminer (Spulerrina astaurota), common white (Piers rapae crucivora), tobacco budworm (Heliothis sp.), codling moth (Laspey resia pomonella), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella), peach fruit moth (Carposina niponensis), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), rice leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), tobacco moth (Ephestia elutelia), mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pyloalis), yellow rice borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), rice skipper (Parnara guttata), rice armyworm (Pseudaletia separata), pink borer (SesamIa inferens), common cutworm (Spodoptera litura), beet armyworm (Spodoptera egigua), etc.; HEMIPTERA including aster leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons), green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticepts), brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), whitebacked rice planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri), grape whitefly (Aleurolobus taonabae), sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), turnup aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), Indian wax scale (Ceroplastes ceriferus), cottony citrus scale (Pulvinaria aurantii), camphor scale (Pseudaonidia duplex), san Jose scale (Comstockaspis perniciosa), arrowhead scale (Unaspis yanonensis), etc.; TYLENCHIDA including root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus sp.), soybean beetle (Anomala rufocuprea), Japanese beetle (Popilla japonica), tobacco beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), powderpost beetle (Lyctus brunneus), twenty-eight-spotted ladybird (Epilachna vigintiotopunctata), azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis), vegetable weevil (Listroderes costirostris), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), cucurbit leaf beetle (Aulacophora femoralis), rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis), corn rootworm (Diabrotica sp.), etc. DIPTERA including Coquillet melon fly (Dacus(Zeugodacus) cucurbitae), oriental fruit fly (Dacus(Bactrocera) dorsalis), rice leafminer (Agromyza oryzae), onion maggot (Delia antiqua), seedcorn maggot (Delia platura), soybean pod gall midge (Asphondylis sp.), muscid fly (Musca domestica), house mosquito (Culex pipiens pipiens), etc.; TYLENCHIDA including coffee root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae), potato cyst nematode (Glabodera rostchiensis), root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.), citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans), Aphelenchus sp. (Aphelenchus avenae), chrysanthemum foliar (Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi), etc.; and ACARINA including citrus red mite (Panonychus citri), fruit tree red spider mite (Panonychus uimi), carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus), Kanzawa spider mite (Tetranychus KanzawaI Kishida), two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), pink tea rust mite (Acaphylla theae), pink citrus rust mite (Aculops pelekassi), purple tea mice (Calacarus carinatus), pear rust mite (Epitrimerus pyri), etc.

The agrohorticultural insecticide, which contains as an active ingredient the phthalamide derivative of the general formula (I) of the present invention has a marked insecticidal effect on the above-typical insect pests injurious to paddy field crops, upland crops, fruit trees, vegetables, other crops, flowers and ornamental plants, and the like. Therefore, the desired effect of the agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention can be obtained by applying the present agrohorticultural insecticide to the nursery facility; paddy field; upland field; seeds or stalks and leaves of fruits, vegetables, other crops, flowers and ornamental plants; cultural medium such as paddy field water, soil, etc.; at a season at which the insect pests are expected to appear, before their appearance or at the time when their appearance is confirmed. Particularly, a preferable application for using the agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention is the application for which so-called “penetration and translocation” are utilized, wherein the present agrohorticultural insecticide is applied to the nursery soil of crops, flowers and ornamental plants or the like; the picking-in hole soil at a transplantation; the plant roots; the irrigation water; or the cultural water of a water culture; so as to uptake the compound of the present application from the roots through or not through the soil.

The agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention is generally prepared into conveniently usable forms according to an ordinary manner for preparation of agrochemicals.

That is, the phthalamide derivative represented by the general formula (I) and, optionally, an adjuvant are blended with a suitable inert carrier in a proper proportion and prepared into a suitable preparation form such as a suspension, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble concentrate, wettable powder, granulated wettable powder, granules, dust, tablets, pack or the like through dissolution, dispersion, suspension, mixing, impregnation, adsorption, or sticking.

The inert carrier usable in the present invention may be either solid or liquid. As a material usable as the solid carrier, it includes soybean flour, cereal flour, wood flour, bark flour, saw dust, powdered tobacco stalks, powdered walnut shells, bran, powdered cellulose, extraction residue of vegetables, synthetic polymers such as powdered synthetic resins, clays (e.g. kaolin, bentonite, and acid clay), talcs (e.g. talc and pyrophyllite), silicas (e.g. diatomaceous earth, silica sand, mica, and white carbon [synthetic, high-dispersion silicic acid, also called finely divided hydrated silica or hydrated silicic acid, some of commercially available products contain calcium silicate as the major component]), activated carbon, powdered sulfur, pumice, calcined diatomaceous earth, ground brick, fly ash, sand, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and other inorganic or mineral powders, plastic supports such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (vinylidene chloride), chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, and ammonium chloride, and compost. These carriers may be used alone or as a mixture thereof.

A material usable as the liquid carrier is selected from materials that have solubility in themselves or which are without such solubility but are capable of dispersing an active ingredient with the aid of an adjuvant. The following are typical examples of the liquid carrier and can be used alone or as a mixture thereof: water, alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and ethylene glycol), ketones (e.g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone), ethers (e.g. ethyl ether, dioxane, Cellosolve, dipropyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran), aliphatic hydrocarbon (e.g. kerosene and mineral oils), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, and alkylnaphthalenes), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene), esters (e.g. ethyl acetate, diisopropyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and dioctyl phthalate), amides (e.g. dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide), nitriles (e.g. acetonitrile), and dimethyl sulfoxide.

The following are typical examples of other adjuvants, which are used depending upon purposes and used alone or in combination thereof in some cases, or need not be used at all.

To emulsify, disperse, dissolve and/or wet a compound as active ingredient, a surfactant is used. Examples of the surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, polyoxyethylene higher fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resonates, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, alkylarylsulfonates, naphthalene sulfonic acid condensation products, ligninsulfonates, and higher alcohol sulfate esters.

Further, to stabilize the dispersion of a compound as active ingredient, tackify it and/or bind it, the adjuvants exemplified below may also be used, namely, there may also be used adjuvants such as casein, gelatin, starch, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, poly(vinyl alcohol)s, turpentine, bran oil, bentonite, and ligninsulfonates.

To improve the flowability of a solid product, the following adjuvants may also be used, namely, there may be used adjuvants such as waxes, stearates, alkyl phosphates, etc.

Adjuvants such as naphthalenesulfonic acid condensation products and polycondensates of phosphates may be used as a peptizer for dispersible products.

Adjuvants such as silicone oils may also be used as a defoaming agent.

Adjuvants such as 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, parachlorometaxylenol, butyl paraoxybenzoate may also be added as a preservative.

Further, if necessary, functional spreading agents, active enhancers such as metabolic decomposition inhibitor like piperonyl butoxide, anti-freezing agents such as propylene glycol, antioxidants such as BHT, ultraviolet absorbers, and the like may also be added.

The content of the compound as active ingredient may be varied as required, and the compound as active ingredient may be used in a proportion properly chosen in the range of 0.01 to 90 parts by weight per 100 parts of the agrohorticultural insecticide. For example, in dusts or granules, the suitable content of the compound as active ingredient is from 0.01 to 50% by weight. In emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powders, it is also from 0.01 to 50% by weight.

The agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention is used to control a variety of insect pests in the following manner: it is applied to a crop on which the insect pests are expected to appear, or a site where appearance of the insect pests is undesirable, as it is or after being properly diluted with or suspended in water or the like, in an amount effective for control of the insect pests.

The applying dosage of the agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention is varied depending upon various factors such as a purpose, insect pests to be controlled, a growth state of a plant, tendency of insect pests appearance, weather, environmental conditions, a preparation form, an application method, an application site, and application time. It may be properly chosen in the range of 0.001 g to 10 kg, preferably 0.01 g to 1 kg, (in terms of the compound as active ingredient) per 10 are depending upon purposes.

The agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention may be used in admixture with other agrohorticultural insecticides, acaricides, nematocides, fungicides, biotic pesticides or the like in order to expand both spectrum of controllable insect pest species and the period of time when effective application are possible or to reduce the dosage. Furthermore, the agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention may be used in admixture with herbicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers or the like, depending upon application situations.

As the other agrohorticultural insecticides, acaricides, and nematocides, which are used for the above purpose, there can be exemplified agrohorticultural insecticides, acaricides, and nematocides, such as Ethion, Trichlorfon, Metamidophos, Acephate, Dichlorvos, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Malathion, Dimethoate, Formothion, Mecarbam, Vamidothion, Thiometon, Disulfoton, Oxydeprofos, Naled, Methylparathion, Fenitrothion, Cyanophos, Propaphosi Fenthion, Prothiofos, Profenofos, Isofenphos, Temephos, Phenthoate, Dimethylvinphos, Chlorfenvinphos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Phoxim, Isoxathion, Pyraclofos, Methidathion, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Pyridaphenthion, Diazinon, Pirimiphosmethyl, Phosalone, Phosmet, Dioxabenzophos, Quinalphos, Terbuphos, Ethoprophos, Cadusafos, Mesulfenfos, DPS (NK-0795), Phosphocarb, Fenamiphos, Isoamidophos, Fosthiazate, Isazophos, Ethoprophos, Fenthion, Fostietane, Dichlofenthion, Thionazin, Sulprofos, Fensulfothion, Diamidafos, Pyrethrin, Allethrin, Prallethrin, Resmethrin, Permethrin, Tefluthrin, Bifenthrin, Fenpropathrin, Cypermethrin, α-Cypermethrin, Cyhalothrin, λ-Cyhalothrin, Deltamethrin, Acrinathrin, Fenvalerate, Esfenvalerate, Flucythrinate, Fluvalinate, Cycloprothrin, Ethofenprox, Halfenprox, Silafluofen, Flucitrinate, Fluvalinate, Methomyl, Oxamyl, Thiodicarb, Aldicarb, Alanycarb, Cartap, Metolcarb, Xylylcarb, Propoxur, Phenoxycarb, Fenobucarb, Ethiophencarb, Fenothiocarb, Bifenazate, BPMC, Carbaryl, Pirimicarb, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Furathiocarb, Benfuracarb, Aldoxycarb, Diafenthiuron, Diflubenzuron, Teflubenzuron, Hexaflumuron, Novaluron, Lufenuron, Flufenoxuron, Chlorfluazuron, Fenbutatinoxide, tricyclohexyltinhydroxide, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, Methoprene, Hydroprene, Binapacryl, Amitraz, Dicofol, Kersen, Chrorobenzilate, Phenisobromolate, Tetradifon, Bensultap, Benzomate, Tebufenozide, Methoxyfenozide, Chromafenozide, Propargite, Acequinosyl, Endosulfan, Diofenolan, Chlorfenapyl, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, Fipronil, Tebufenpyrad, Triazamate, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, nicotine sulfate, Nitenpyram, Acetamiprid, Thiacloprid, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Fluazinam, Pyriproxyfen, Hydramethylnon, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Cyromazin, TPIC (tripropyl isocyanurate), Pymetrozin, Clofentezin, Buprofedin, Thiocyclam, Fenazaquin, Chinomethionate, Indoxacarb, Polynactin complexes, Milbemectin, Abamectin, Emamectin-benzoate, Spinosad, BT (Bacillus thuringiensis), Azadirachtin, Rotenone, hydroxypropyl starch, Levamisole hydrochloride, Metam-sodium, Morantel tartrate, Dazomet, Trichlamide, Pasteuria, Monacrosporium-phymatophagum, etc. As the agrohorticultural fungicides used for the same purpose as above, there can be exemplified agrohorticultural fungicides such as sulfur, lime sulfur, copper sulfate basic, Iprobenfos, Edifenfos, Tolclofos-methyl, Thiram, Polycarbamate, Zineb, Manzeb, Mancozeb, Propineb, Thiophanate, Thiophanate methyl, Benomyl, Iminoctadin acetate, Iminocutadin albecylate, Mepronil, Flutolanil, Pencycuron, Furametpyl, Thifluzamide, Metalaxyl, Oxadixyl, Carpropamid, Dichlofluanid, Flusulfamide, Chlorothalonil, Kresoxim-methyl, Fenoxanil (NNF-9425), Himexazol, Eclomezol, Fluoroimide, Procymidone, Vinclozolin, Iprodione, Triadimefon, Triflumizole, Bitertanol, Triflumizole, Ipconazole, Fluconazole, Propiconazole, Diphenoconazole, Myclobutanil, Tetraconazole, Hexaconazole, Tebuconazole, Imibenconazole, Prochloraz, Pefurazoate, Cyproconazole, Isoprothiolane, Fenarimol, Pyrimetanil, Mepanipyrim, Pyrifenox, Fluazinam, Triforine, Diclomezine, Azoxystrobin, Thiadiazin, Captan, Probenazole, Acibenzolar-S-methyl (CGA-245704), Fthalide, Tricyclazole, Pyroquilon, Chinomethionat, Oxolinic acid, Dithianon, Trifloxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Thiadinil, Dichlosimet, Kasugamycin, Validamycin, Polyoxin, Blasticidin, Streptomycin, etc. Similarly, as the herbicides, there can be exemplified herbicides such as Glyphosate, Sulfosate, Glyfosinate, Bialaphos, Butamifos, Esprocarb, Prosulcarb, Benthiocarb, Pyributycarb, Asulam, Linulon, Dymron, Bensulfuron-methyl, Cyclosulfamuron, Cinosulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, Azimsulfuron, Imazosulfuron, Tenylchlor, Alachlor, Pretilachlor, Clomeprop, Etobenzanid, Mefenacet, Pendimethalin, Bifenox, Acifluorfen, Lactfen, Cyhalofop-butyl, Ioxynil, Bromobutide, Alloxydim, Setoxydim, Napropamide, Indanofan, Pyrazolate, Benzofenap, Pyraflufen-ethyl, Imazapyl, Sulfentrazone, Cafenstrole, Bentoxazon, Oxadiazon, Paraquat, Diquat, Pyriminobac, Simazine, Atrazine, Dimethametryn, Triazyflam, Benflesate, Flutiacet-methyl, Quizalofop-ethyl, Bentazon, Oxaziclomefone, Azafenidin, Benzobicyclone, calcium peroxide, etc.

As to the biotic pesticides, the same effect as above canbe expected by using the agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention in admixture with, for example, viral formulations obtained from nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), entomopox virus (EPV), etc.; microbial pesticides utilized as insecticides or nematicides, such as Monacrosporium phymatophagum, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema kushidai, Pasteuria penetrans, etc.; microbial pesticides utilized as fungicides, such as Trichoderma lignorum, Agrobacterium radiobactor, nonpathogenic Erwinia carotovora, Bacillus subtilis, etc.; and biotic pesticides utilized as herbicides, such as Xanthomonas campestris, etc.

In addition, the agrohorticultural insecticide of the present invention can be used in combination with biotic pesticides including natural enemies such as Parasitic wasp (Encarsia formosa), Parasitic wasp (Aphidius colemani), Gall-mildge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza), Parasitic wasp (Diglyphus isaea), Parasitic mite (Dacnusa sibirica), Predatory mite (Phytoseiulus persimilis), Predatory mite (Amblyseius cucumeris), Predatory bug (Orius sauteri), etc.; microbial pesticides such as Beauveria brongniartii, etc.; and pheromones such as (Z)-10-tetradecenyl=acetate, (E,Z)-4,10-tetradecadienyl=acetate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl=acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl=acetate, (Z)-13-icosen-10-one, (Z)-8-dodecenyl=acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl=acetate, (Z)-13-icosen-10-one, 14-methyl-1-octadecene, etc.

Typical formulation examples and test examples of the present invention are described below but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

As used in the formulation examples, the terms “part” and “parts” are by weight.

Formulation Example 1 Each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3 10 parts Xylene 70 parts N-methylprrolidone 10 parts Mixture of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 10 parts and calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate

An emulsifiable concentrate is prepared by mixing uniformly the above ingredients to effect dissolution.

Formulation Example 2 Each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3  3 parts Clay powder 82 parts Diatomaceous earth powder 15 parts

A dust is prepared by mixing uniformly and grinding the above ingredients.

Formulation Example 3 Each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3 5 parts Mixed powder of bentonite and clay 90 parts Calcium ligninsulfonate 5 parts

Granules are prepared by mixing the above ingredients uniformly, and kneading the resulting mixture together with a suitable amount of water, followed by granulation and drying.

Formulation Example 4 Each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3 20 parts Kaolin and synthetic high- 75 parts dispersion silicic acid Mixture of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl 5 parts ether and calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate

A wettable powder is prepared by mixing uniformly and grinding the above ingredients.

TEST EXAMPLE 1 Insecticidal Test on Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella)

Adult diamond back moths were released and allowed to oviposit on a Chinese cabbage seedling. Two days after the release, the seedling having the eggs deposited thereon was immersed for about 30 seconds in a liquid chemical prepared by diluting a preparation containing each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3 as an active ingredient to adjust the concentration to 50 ppm. After air-dryness, it was allowed to stand in a room thermostatted at 25° C. Six days after the immersion, the hatched insects were counted. The mortality was calculated according to the following equation and the insecticidal effect was judged according to the criterion shown below. The test was carried out with triplicate groups of 10 insects.

${{Corrected}\mspace{14mu}{mortality}\mspace{14mu}(\%)} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Number}\mspace{14mu}{of}} \\ {{hatched}\mspace{14mu}{insects}} \\ {{in}\mspace{14mu}{untreated}\mspace{14mu}{group}} \end{matrix} - \begin{matrix} {{Number}\mspace{14mu}{of}} \\ {{hatched}\mspace{14mu}{insects}} \\ {{in}\mspace{14mu}{treated}\mspace{14mu}{group}} \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} {{Number}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{hatched}\mspace{14mu}{insects}} \\ {{in}\mspace{14mu}{untreated}\mspace{14mu}{group}} \end{matrix}} \times 100}$

Criterion: A --- Mortality 100% B --- Mortality 99–90% C --- Mortality 89–80% D --- Mortality 79–50% E --- Mortality 49% or less

The result is shown in Table 4 below.

TEST EXAMPLE 2 Insecticidal Test on Common Cutworm (Spodoptera litura)

A piece of cabbage leaf (cultivar; Shikidori) was immersed for about 30 seconds in a liquid chemical prepared by diluting a preparation containing each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3 as an active ingredient to adjust the concentration to 50 ppm. After air-dryness, it was placed in a plastic Petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm and inoculated with second-instar larvae of common cutworm, after which the dish was closed and then allowed to stand in a room thermostatted at 25° C. Eight days after the inoculation, the dead and alive were counted. The mortality was calculated according to the following equation and the insecticidal effect was judged according to the criterion shown in Test Example 1. The test was carried out with triplicate groups of 10 insects.

${{Corrected}\mspace{14mu}{mortality}\mspace{14mu}(\%)} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{Number}\mspace{14mu}{of}} \\ {{alive}\mspace{14mu}{larvae}\mspace{14mu}{in}} \\ {{untreated}\mspace{14mu}{group}} \end{matrix} - \begin{matrix} {{Number}\mspace{14mu}{of}} \\ {{alive}\mspace{14mu}{larvae}\mspace{14mu}{in}} \\ {{treated}\mspace{14mu}{group}} \end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix} {{Number}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{alive}\mspace{14mu}{larvae}} \\ {{in}\mspace{14mu}{treated}\mspace{14mu}{group}} \end{matrix}} \times 100}$

The result is shown in Table 4 below.

TEST EXAMPLE 3 Insecticidal Test on Smaller Tea Tortrix (Adoxophyes sp.)

Tea leaves were immersed for about 30 seconds in a liquid chemical prepared by diluting a preparation containing each compound listed in Tables 1 to 3 as an active ingredient to adjust the concentration to 50 ppm. After air-dryness, the tea leaves were placed in a plastic Petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm and inoculated with larvae of smaller tea tortrix, after which the dish was allowed to stand in a room thermostatted at 25° C. and having a humidity of 70%. Eight days after the inoculation, the dead and alive larvae were counted and, the mortality was calculated according to the equation shown in Test Example 2, and the insecticidal effect was judged according to the criterion shown in Test Example 1. The test was carried out with triplicate groups of 10 insects.

The result is shown in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4 Test Test Test No. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 1-290 A A A 1-292 A A A 1-296 A A A 1-297 A A A 1-298 A A A 1-372 A A A 1-374 A A A 1-458 A A A 1-459 A A A 1-460 A A A 2-22 A A A 2-23 A A E 2-24 A A A 3-5 A E A 3-6 A D E 3-7 A A A 3-24 A A A 3-26 A A A 

1. A phthalamide derivative of formula (I):

wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or the group -A-(G)_(r), R² and R³, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ alkenyl, halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₆ alkynyl, halo C₃₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl, formyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, mono C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, or same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl; or R² together with A, R¹, G, R⁴, or R⁶ optionally forms a 4- to 8-membered ring that is optionally interrupted with 1 or 2 oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, which may be the same or different; each X, which may be the same or different, represents halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, halo C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, halo C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or two groups X that are adjacent to each other on an aromatic ring optionally together form a fused ring, which optionally has one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; m represents an integer of 0 to 2; each Y, which may be the same or different, represents halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; cyclo C₃₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy; mono C₁₋₆ alkylamino; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylamino; C₁₋₆ alkylthio; halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenoxy; substituted phenoxy having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenylthio; substituted phenylthio having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; or substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; and two groups Y adjacent to each other on an aromatic ring may together form a fused ring, which optionally has one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or Y together with R³ optionally forms a 5- to 7-membered ring that may be interrupted with 1 or 2 oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, which may be the same or different; n represents an integer of 0 to 3, A represents C₁₋₈ alkylene, C₃₋₆ alkenylene, or C₃₋₆ alkynylene; each G, which may be the same or different, represents hydrogen; halogen; cyano; nitro; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxyphosphoryl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxythiophosphoryl; diphenylphosphino; diphenylphosphono; same or different C₁₋₆ dialkylsulfonium; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or the group -Z-R⁴, r represents an integer of 1 to 3, Z represents —O— or —N(R⁵)— R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; phenylcarbonyl; substituted phenylcarbonyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; R⁴ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl; formyl; C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; mono C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl; mono C₁₋₆ alkylaminothiocarbonyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylaminothiocarbonyl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxyphosphoryl; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkoxythiophosphoryl; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; or substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or the group —W—R⁶, W represents —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, or the group —C(═NOR⁷)— R⁷ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; or substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, and R⁶ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; halo C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₃₋₆ alkenyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkenyl; C₃₋₆ alkynyl; halo C₃₋₆ alkynyl; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; halo C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkylthio; halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio; amino; mono C₁₋₆ alkylamino; same or different di C₁₋₆ alkylamino; C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkylamino; C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkylamino; phenyl; substituted phenyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenylamino; substituted phenylamino having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; phenyl C₁₋₄ alkylamino; substituted phenyl C₁₋₄ alkylamino having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclyl; substituted heterocyclyl having one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; heterocyclic amino; or substituted heterocyclic amino having on a ring one or more substituents, which may be the same or different, and selected from halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, halo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ alkylthio, halo C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, or halo C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl; or R⁴ or R⁶ together with A optionally form a 4- to 8-membered ring that may be interrupted with 1 or 2 oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, which may be the same or different.
 2. A phthalamide derivative according to claim 1 wherein R¹ represents C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylthio C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₆ alkyl; R² and R³ represent hydrogen; X represents halogen; m represents 1; Y represents halogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl; and n represents an integer of 0 to
 2. 3. An agrohorticultural insecticide comprising one or more phthalamide derivatives according to claim 1 as an active ingredient and one or more inert carriers and optionally one or more adjuvants.
 4. A method for using an agrohorticultural insecticide to protect a useful plant from insect pests comprising applying an effective amount of a agrohorticultural insecticide according to claim 3 to a crop plant or to the soil. 